Abstract delta9tetrahydrocannabinol thc is the main source of the pharmacological effects caused by the consumption of cannabis, both the marijuanalike action and the medicinal benefits of the plant. This volume aims to present current knowledge of the endogenous cannabinoid system, and looks at molecular, cellular, tissue and organismal effects of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids. Nov 01, 2014 we employed databasespecific search strategies with multiple keywords e. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids article pdf available in journal of cannabis therapeutics 31 january 2003 with 8,861 reads how we measure reads.
Review article pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses of cannabis and cannabinoids r. The mechanism of action of cannabinoids is best investigated for d9thc thc, dronabinol. Multiple nih institutes and centersthe national institute on drug abuse nida, national institute on alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids iain j mcgilveray phd mcgilveray pharmacon inc, and university of ottawa, ottawa, ontario correspondence and reprints. The above will hopefully give you a good, brief overview of what is going on but there is still plenty to read for those wanting to learn more. Cannabinoid receptors are distributed in the central nervous system and many peripheral tissues spleen, leuko cytes. For the different types of synthetic cannabinoids the scientific knowledge in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is limited.
Request pdf the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids there is increasing interest in the use of cannabinoids for disease and symptom management, but limited information. Perspectives on drugs synthetic cannabinoids in europe. Absorption and metabolism of tetrahydrocannabinol thc vary as a function of route of administration. The most frequently studied sc were the aminoalkylindole win55,2122 4 studies, cyclohexylphenol cp55,940 54, and hu210 39. Cannabinoids exert many effects through activation of gproteincoupled cannabinoid receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues. Review article pharmacological actions and therapeutic. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. Whether used for medicinal or recreational purposes, cannabinoids can produce side effects that become increasingly harder to overlook with time. There are two main cannabinoid cb receptors, cb1 which is primarily located in the central nervous system with some expression in. For others, this report can serve as an introduction to the. The pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids is a complex and very deep subject. Department of pharmacology toxicology, inserm u1173.
Pharmacodynamics pd is the quantitative study of the relationship between drug exposure concentrations or dose and pharmacologic or toxicologic responses. The use of cannabinoids for neuropathic pain has drawn medical attention during the last 12 years. Nonopen access articles that fall outside this five year window are available only to institutional subscribers and current aspet members, or through the article purchase. Clinical pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids franjo grotenhermen abstract. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. There is increasing clinical and public interest in using exogenous cannabinoids for disease and symptom management. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of oral cannabis the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Our knowledge of the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids, that is, the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs and their mechanisms of action.
Two studied, although still poorly understood, cannabinoids are delta9tetrahydrocannabinol thc and cannabidiol cbd. Clinical pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids cannabis med. Pharmacological evaluation of synthetic cannabinoids identi. Mar 06, 2012 pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids 52 53. The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Chemical, pharmacologic, and therapeutic aspects 1st edition. We report a series of studies conducted to determine the vaporisation efficiency of high doses of cbd, alone and in combination with. For patients and their physicians, this report can serve as a primer for those who are considering using or recommending medical cannabis. Perspectives on drugs synthetic cannabinoids in europe synthetic cannabinoids are a group of substances that mimic the effects of trans. The thc main effects may be modulated by other cannabinoids, mainly cbd, and other cannabis constituents 5.
Nonclinical development of novel biologics, biosimilars, vaccines and specialty biologics, 20. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids. The national institutes of health nih convened the marijuana and cannabinoids. Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for use of cannabinoids to relieve pain in patients with malignant diseases marija darkovskaserafimovska,1 tijana serafimovska,2 zorica arsovasarafinovska,1 sasho stefanoski,3 zlatko keskovski,3 trajan balkanov4 1department of pharmacology, faculty of medical sciences, goce delcev university, stip, republic of macedonia.
Introduction cannabis or marijuana is the most commonly used illegal substance in the world and approximately four percent of the worlds population has used cannabis at least once in the past year leggett. Gaps in predicting clinical doses for cannabinoids therapy. However, its acid metabolite thccooh, the nonpsychotropic cannabidiol cbd, several cannabinoid analogues and newly discovered modulators of the endogenous cannabinoid system are also promising. Pharmrev articles become freely available 12 months after publication, and remain freely available for 5 years. Nowadays, cannabis derived compounds, or cannabinoids, are registered in several countries for a variety of indications, including antinociception and muscle relaxation in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, and anti.
However, its acid metabolite thccooh, the nonpsychotropic cannabidiol cbd, several cannabinoid. About 65 cannabinoids have been detected in the cannabis plant 4, of whom cannabigerol cbg, cannabichromene cbc, cannabidiol cbd. Thus, it has been possible to verify thc specific binding sites in the vertebrate organisms including humans named cannabinoid receptors 3. Cannabinoids carry both analgesic and addictive effects, making the drug an effective treatment for conditions involving pain while at the same time placing users at risk of abuse and addiction. Izzo1,4, francesca borrelli1,4, raffaele capasso1,4, vincenzo di marzo2,4 and raphael mechoulam3 1department of experimental pharmacology, university of naples federico ii, naples, italy. Oct 16, 2014 significant interest has emerged in the therapeutic and interactive effects of different cannabinoids. It grows readily in a warm climate, and may be grown in more temperate regions. Reviewthemed issue the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids correspondencedr catherine j. Opioid and cannabinoid pharmacokinetic interactions full. A neuroscience research summit the summit on march 2223, 2016. A protocol for the delivery of cannabidiol cbd and combined. This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of taranabant 5, 7. Dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety. However, unlike most clinically available drugs, little information on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids is available to guide prescribers, and further research is needed to address the major gaps in the knowledge required for optimal prescribing of these.
Pulmonary assimilation of inhaled thc causes a maximum plasma concentration within minutes, while psychotropic effects start within seconds to a few minutes, reach a maxi. Cannabinoids immunoassays for each type of biological matrix have to be designed and interpreted in the context of a9thc absorption and metabolism. Cannabidiol cbd is one of the naturally occurring cannabinoids found in cannabis plants. Cannabidiol cbd has been shown to have anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects with high doses administered orally.
The thc main effects may be modulated by other cannabinoids, mainly cbd, and. Mar 29, 2006 opioid and cannabinoid pharmacokinetic interactions the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. At least 10 randomized controlled trials, lasting for. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids by grotenhermen f.
The first page of the pdf of this article appears above. Sep 30, 2012 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids grotenhermen, franjo 20120930 00. Pharmacological evaluation of synthetic cannabinoids. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of oral cannabis. Review article pharmacological actions and therapeutic uses. Some residual effects pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids 53 54. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of synthetic. The medicolegal context, epidemiology, comorbidity, and health consequences of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in adults are discussed separately as are the clinical manifestations, course, assessment. Dr mcgilveray, 1 stonehedge park, nepean, ontario k2h 8z1. Pharmacotherapeutic considerations for use of cannabinoids to. Pharmacology, psychoactive agents and drug interactions ureh nena lekwauwa, m.
604 1328 857 1078 715 522 1418 994 538 212 76 1253 933 1447 344 1486 1357 1367 964 654 1069 1239 1073 1401 370 60 711 890 86 1100 509 938 1416 53